金融经济学研究

发展新质生产力是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的理论创新，是推进中国式现代化的根本动力。新质生产力的理论研究与实践发展需要以新质生产力指数与发展评价为基础。基于2011—2022年中国上市企业数据，从新质劳动者、新质劳动资料、新质劳动对象、优化组合等四个维度编制企业新质生产力指数，并从整体、个体、行业等层面对新质生产力发展状况予以分析评价。研究发现，2011—2022年中国企业新质生产力指数按时间脉络可划分为萌芽期、发展期和成长期三个阶段，总体平稳进步，2022年略有回调。相较于小规模企业、国有企业、非初创企业与非专精特新企业而言，大规模企业、非国有企业、初创企业与专精特新企业新质生产力发展迅速。从区域视角来看，不同省份之间的新质生产力指数总体上呈现增长态势，但增长速度和发展水平存在明显差异。从产业视角来看，技术密集型产业的企业新质生产力指数最高，资本密集型产业次之，劳动密集型产业最低；高新技术服务业的企业新质生产力指数最高，高新技术制造业次之，非高新技术产业最低。因此，有必要坚持创新驱动发展战略，加快劳动要素协同融合，优化产业体系建设，以此稳步推进企业新质生产力发展。

The development of new-quality productivity is a theoretical innovation in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.It is the fundamental driver for advancing Chinese-style modernization.The theoretical research and practical development of new-quality productivity require a basis in the new-quality productivity index and corresponding developmental assessments.Drawing on data from Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2022,this study constructed a corporate new-quality productivity index comprising four dimensions: new-quality laborers, new-quality means of labor, new-quality objects of labor, and factor optimization.The research evaluated the overall, individual, and industry-level development of new-quality productivity.The findings indicated that China's corporate new-quality productivity index for the period 2011-2022 can be divided into three phases: embryonic, growth, and maturation periods.Steady overall progress was observed, with a slight dip in 2022.Large-scale companies, non-state-owned companies, startups, and specialized or innovative companies exhibited faster development in terms of new-quality productivity than small-scale companies, state-owned companies, non-startups, and non-specialization-oriented or non-innovative companies did.From a regional perspective, the new-quality productivity index rose overall among the provinces; however, growth speed and development level varied considerably.From an industry perspective, technology-intensive sectors scored the highest on the corporate new-quality productivity index, capital-intensive sectors ranked second, and labor-intensive sectors ranked the lowest; among high-tech industries, high-tech services recorded the highest scores, followed by high-tech manufacturing, and non-high-tech industries ranked the lowest.Adherence to an innovation-driven development strategy, acceleration of the collaborative integration of labor factors, and optimization of industrial systems are necessary to steadily promote the development of corporate new-quality productivity.